Nakaya explores the conditions in which Japanese artists, collectives, and communities, in the 1970's, produced and disseminated video art and alternative television. He discusses the scarcity of equipment and exhibition opportunities (outside of corporate partnerships) in the early 1970's. The article also traces the emergence of cable systems across the country; identifying sparse opportunity for local programing outside of small markets. The article includes a timeline of video art exhibitions, events, workshops and related publications taking place between 1968 and 1978.